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Intersectionality refers to the ways in which different aspects of a person’s identity can expose them to overlapping forms of discrimination and marginalization. The concept is useful for understanding and addressing inequities experienced by women who use drugs. Also available in Russian, Indonesian and Ukrainian
Incorporating gender analysis into the rapidly developing scholarship on drug use, drug trade, drug science, drug treatment, and drug policy in the United States, the special issue showcases articles that are part of a vibrant body of historical, sociological, and anthropological scholarship. The differential effects of drug policy are explored, focusing on how gender – in dynamic relationship to race, class, and sexuality – is integral to…
From South Africa to Myanmar, from Brazil to Kyrgyzstan, women are resisting the war on drugs. Killings, criminalization, incarceration, denial of medical care, and social stigma are just a few of the effects the war on drugs has had on communities around the world. It targets particular groups, with gender-specific impacts. The war on drugs is clearly a feminist issue. Yet the effects of repressive drug policies on women, trans and gender-…
Findings provide evidence that high levels of women's empowerment were associated with safer sex practices, although this varied by country. Policymakers should incorporate empowerment indicators to address women's empowerment and HIV prevention within African couples.
The AIDS response has taught the world the importance of protecting human rights and promoting gender equality when fighting a disease. COVID-19 has amplified that lesson. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, UNAIDS has repeated the call that governments must protect human rights and prevent and address gender-based violence—an issue that is even more vital now that lockdowns are putting women and girls at an even higher risk of intimate…
The analysis demonstrated that adolescent girls and young women with the higher vulnerability profiles, including the impact of unequal gender norms, have increased odds of negative health outcomes and experiences. The analysis calls upon tailoring community-based HIV prevention efforts by deferentially targeting/tailoring interventions and health services for sub-populations in higher versus lower HIV vulnerability profiles. Across the three…
In sub-Saharan Africa, four out five new HIV infections among 15-19 year olds are in girls according to UNAIDS 2019 estimates. Surveys during 2011- 16 showed that more than half of rural women aged 15–24 in sub-Saharan Africa had been pregnant before their 18th birthday, and as recently as 2016, 40% of young women in sub-Saharan Africa and 30% in South Asia were married while still children. These examples highlight how gender power relations…
According to the Equal Measures 2030 report, Harnessing the power of data for gender equality, no country has yet achieved full gender equality. The Lancet Series on Gender Equality, Norms, and Health shows that this inequality impacts heavily on global health outcomes, laying out the role of gender norms in perpetuating inequities, and HIV is no exception.
Given the impact of gender inequality on the sexual and reproductive health of women and girls and the health of women and their children, UN Women developed a programming guide “Promoting Gender Equality in Sexual, Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health” that provides practical guidance and tools to understand the influence of gender inequality on sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (…
Data from the Minnesota Department of Health HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report (2015) show that African-born women continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV. In 2015, these women accounted for more than half (54%) of all new cases of HIV reported among females in Minnesota and 34% of all known female cases in the state.The primary objective of this study was to gain an insight into the strategies that will limit the spread of HIV infection…
In South Africa, gender inequalities give men considerable relational power over young women, particularly in circumstances of poverty and where sex is materially rewarded. In this paper, the authors use qualitative interviews and ethnographic observation among 16 young women from the rural Eastern Cape to explore ways young women construct their femininities and exercise agency. The data were collected as part of an evaluation of Stepping…
This paper argues that sexual, and male violent, practices are rooted in and flow from cultural ideals of gender identities. The latter enables us to understand why men and women behave as they do, and the emotional and material context within which sexual behaviours are enacted. In South Africa, while gender identities show diversity, the dominant ideal of black African manhood emphasizes toughness, strength and expression of prodigious sexual…
Social constructions of masculinity have been shown to serve as an obstacle to men's access and adherence to antiretroviral therapies (ART). In the light of women's relative lack of power in many aspects of interpersonal relationships with men in many African settings, our objective is to explore how male denial of HIV/AIDS impacts on their female partners' ability to access and adhere to ART.
Gender and sexuality – and their related norms and practices – have long been recognised as key factors affecting the dynamics of HIV and the global response to it. This survey report, published by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, maps current work and assesses the capacity, challenges and aspirations around gender and sexuality programming. Whereas issues vary across communities and countries, the authors contend that power imbalances,…
Even in the 'era of treatment' successful HIV prevention remains an enormous challenge. This article argues that there is a need to pay more attention to sex and desire in the design of HIV prevention programmes. The paper highlights how perceived "dirty" issues, such as sex between men and anal intercourse between men and women, are often overlooked by HIV prevention programmes. It also explores how reasons why people may "choose" not to place…
This paper presents some thoughts on the problems endured by women facing HIV/AIDS. A case is made for the way in which gender structure and relations facilitate the vulnerability of women to this disease. Emphasis is made on the main obstacles faced by women, as well as on their lack of empowerment to cope effectively with their problems. Some initiatives advanced by the organized civil society and governmental strategies are presented. Finally…
This document is a product of the meeting on power in sexual relationships, convened in Washington, DC, l-2 March 2001, and was a joint effort of the Population Council's New York and DC offices and the USAID Interagency Gender Working Group's Men and Reproductive Health Sub-committee. Eight previously conducted field-based interventions have provided valuable information and an overwhelming message highlighted in the dialogue: - many men and…
This document is a transcript of the plenary address given by Geeta Rao Gupta at the XIII International AIDS Conference in Durban, South Africa, in 2000. In accordance with the title, Geeta Rao Gupta focuses on the what, why and how of gender, sexuality and HIV/AIDS. Emphasis is placed on exploring gender-sensitive and transformative approaches to the epidemic.
This bibliography provides summaries of 28 key materials on sexuality and human rights, and a list of further references. These references are organized under themes including sexual rights and HIV/AIDS. Others are: gender and bodily integrity; lesbian, gay bisexual and transgender rights; refugees and asylum seekers; sexual rights and religion; reproductive rights; sexual violence, including sexual violence and armed conflict; sex worker rights…