This paper presents some thoughts on the problems endured by women facing HIV/AIDS. A case is made for the way in which gender structure and relations facilitate the vulnerability of women to this disease. Emphasis is made on the main obstacles faced by women, as well as on their lack of empowerment to cope effectively with their problems. Some initiatives advanced by the organized civil society and governmental strategies are presented. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are given, highlighting the need to establish and evaluate preventative programs and policies from a gender and human rights perspective, to promote a greater awareness and improved responses to the problems imposed on women by the HIV/AIDS epidemic.