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FOUND 627
This article looks at HIV/AIDS, poverty and gender, and focuses on young girls and old women. It starts with some basic facts about HIV/AIDS and then provides a framework for analyzing vulnerability to the infection and to its impact in relation to gender and age. It briefly outlines institutional responses and ends up with conclusion and recommendations for development planners to combine gender and age analysis in any development or…
This publication presents a framework for incorporating gender into the design and evaluation of population, health and nutrition programs. It defines gender in ways to make it easier to include in programming, suggests a framework for identifying and addressing gender-related constraints, and identifies illustrative process indicators.
This paper presents some thoughts on the problems endured by women facing HIV/AIDS. A case is made for the way in which gender structure and relations facilitate the vulnerability of women to this disease. Emphasis is made on the main obstacles faced by women, as well as on their lack of empowerment to cope effectively with their problems. Some initiatives advanced by the organized civil society and governmental strategies are presented. Finally…
Women are "fundamentally more affected by the [HIV/AIDS] epidemic than men," Noeleen Heyzer, Executive Director of the United Nations Development Fund for Women, writes in an opinion piece in the Christian Science Monitor.
This issue looks at the devastating impact that HIV/AIDS is having on older people. In particular, growing numbers of older people are caring for family members with AIDS and for orphaned grandchildren, often with little or no support.
This report sets out to answer some of the questions put to Amnesty women victims of violence. It looks at violence against women, particularly focuses on rape committed by both security officials and private individuals. Women subjected to violence are not adequately protected by the law and commit violence against women continue to operate with impunity. Gender-based violence not only exposes women to sexually transmitted diseases, but also to…
This article explores how the role of parents is so much more intensive, extensive, and different in the context of many developing country epidemics vis à vis epidemics in developed countries, and whether and to what extent the physical and mental health of older AIDS parents may decline from their close involvement with their ill children, relative to parents who do not suffer this unfortunate set of events. This article hypothesizes that…
On May 1, 2002, over 130 program managers, policymakers, service providers, and trainers participated in a day-long Technical Update, hosted by the USAID Interagency Gender Working Group (IGWG) with the Center for Health and Gender Equity (CHANGE). This summary of the Technical Update presents survey information and recent data used to define gender-based violence (GBV) and its negative impact on reproductive health outcomes. It also examines…
This report is based on interviews with managers and supervisors of care teams; carers on the staff of AIDS Support Organizations; community volunteers; primary carers within families; and individuals with expertise in this field. The report identifies who the carers are within the family and at community level. It then identifies the stressors associated with their care-giving roles. The quality of care they are able to provide and their…
This issue brief provides an overview of the impact of HIV/AIDS on young people around the world using a variety of sources and studies. It includes specific data on youth prevalence rates, organized by gender and region. It also predicts the future impact on youth, with a section on each youth group considered at risk. Certain sub-populations of youth have been identified as bearing a disproportionate share of HIV's proliferation and/or are at…
This report documents the process taken by the Kenyan National AIDS Control Council to mainstream gender in the National HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan. The motivation to mainstream gender in the national plan came from the fact that no explicit strategies on gender were included in it despite the overwhelming evidence that the incidence of HIV/AIDS among women was rising at a shocking rate and women were being infected at an earlier age than men. This…
The Kenya Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMCT) Project, in partnership with Horizons/Population Council, UNICEF, and the Regional AIDS Training Network and with financial support from USAID, has developed a training manual for health providers on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The course was developed by many different experts including an obstetrician, pediatricians, lactation management specialists,…
In Thailand, a national program to prevention mother-to-child HIV transmission began in 2000. Elements of the program included voluntary counseling and HIV testing of pregnant women, a short course of zidovudine for HIV-infected women and their infants, and formula feeding for infants. Research, monitoring and evaluation of pilot projects, training and policy-making provided an essential foundation for the program. The authors estimate that…
This fact sheet provides answers to frequently asked questions about microbicides - such as what they are, how they work, and the status of research and development to-date.
The Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID) and the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) co-hosted a three-week email discussion on Young Women and HIV/AIDS. The discussion explored the (i) Intersections between youth, gender and HIV/AIDS; (ii) Emerging challenges and successes in HIV/AIDS for young people (particularly young women); and (iii) Ways in which youth can participate in addressing gender and youth issues in…
This Review Paper was prepared for an Expert Consultation organized by the World Health Organization that brought together experts from the field of HIV/AIDS, gender, health and development, as well as programme managers who implement HIV/AIDS programmes at the national level. This paper provided participants to the Expert Consultation with background information and a suggested framework for considering the issues and challenges of integrating…
In Zambia, as in other countries in the region, tens of thousands of girls--many orphaned by AIDS or otherwise without parental care--suffer in silence as the government fails to provide basic protections from sexual assault that would lessen their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. Through girls' own testimonies, this report shows sexual assault of girls in Zambia in the era of HIV/AIDS to be widespread and complex. It documents several categories of…
Ipas's report Reproductive Choice and Women Living with HIV/AIDS summarizes available information concerning the discrimination women face in exercising their sexual and reproductive rights related to pregnancy. The report is based on an extensive literature review and interviews with key informants in Australia, India, Kenya, South Africa and Thailand.
This report emphasizes the need to include research, policy work, political activism to ensure that microbicides are widely available to women and correctly and consistently used by individuals vulnerable to HIV or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI's).
In 2001, Ipas and Health & Development Networks (HDN) produced a training resource called Gender or sex: who cares? Skills-building resource pack on gender and reproductive health for adolescents and youth workers. These notes were developed for people who wish to train facilitators to carry out workshops based on the Gender or Sex curriculum. They contain ideas and materials that can be used for training-of-trainers (TOT) workshops, as well…