This training manual is a tool for those aiming to promote gender equity and address masculinity as a strategy for the prevention of HIV infection. It promotes the positive aspects of masculinity, encourages men's participation in sexual and reproductive health, promotes respect for sexual diversity and improves the understanding of the body and sexuality. In this Manual, HIV prevention is addressed within the larger framework of gender roles and relationships. Several activities have been discussed in the Manual. The activities are organized around four key themes: (1) gender; (2) sexuality and reproductive health; (3) violence; and (4) HIV and AIDS prevention.