Subject
Tool
Region
FOUND 627
This preliminary overview of available literature suggests that within the context of gender and the HIV epidemic, sexual violence is a complex phenomenon with multiple determinants, consequences and manifestations. UNAIDS estimated that by December 1997, 30.6 million people around the world had been infected with HIV, with more than 70% of these infections occurring through unprotected sexual intercourse. The overall proportion of these…
The report highlights the need for inserting gender in the multi-sectoral response to HIV/AIDS. Ethical issues involved in testing pregnant women are reviewed, as well as the role of the educational sector in combating HIV/AIDS. Other topics that are addressed include the impact of HIV/AIDS on youth, law, on the labor market and in situations of conflict.
A product of the meeting in Windhoek, Namibia, this summary paper provides a perspective on the situation of women living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. The author addresses a range of topics including the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, the role of men, the rights of an HIV positive women, and steps for empowerment.
The report explains that the subordination of women in African society in the face of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, is causing their premature deaths and resulting in the break-up of millions of families throughout the continent. The subsequent creation of a generation of traumatized children has serious consequences for the future stability of many countries in Africa. This paper expands on the medical aspects of the six stages of development of…
The scale of the HIV/AIDS epidemic led the United Nations Security Council to make a historical move in 2002 by adopting a resolution, which not only addresses a health issue for the first time, but specifically links the spread of HIV/AIDS to the maintenance of global peace and security. This document addresses (1) the ways in which HIV/AIDS threatens human security, (2) the negative synergy between HIV/AIDS and poverty, HIV/AIDS and…
The 1994 Genocide in Rwanda resulted in a number of women contracting HIV/AIDS, which subsequently has serious implications on human security and on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) justice process. This document traces the impact of ICTR on the lives of women who were victims of rape and violence, and highlights the definition of rape, defined for the first time in international law, as a component of genocide. The…
In recent years, increasing attention has been placed on the need to integrate a gender-based approach into efforts to deal with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This paper addresses the risks and needs of male and female adolescents in relation to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the broader area of sexual and reproductive (SRH) health. It begins with a brief review of the risks to which adolescents are exposed and then proposes an SRH rights framework…
This report focuses on issues pertaining to community level health interventions, particularly within the African context. Examples of community-level initiatives in countries such as Zambia, Tanzania and Uganda are cited, with details on strategic perspectives that include men-centered programs, redistribution of resources, review of Structural Adjustment Programs, and grassroots initiatives that involve political and social mobilization.
This is a transcript of Geeta Rao Gupta's presentation which views gender as a culture-specific construct and focuses on issues related to the heterosexual transmission of HIV/AIDS. The dynamics of power are examined within the context of sexuality, defined as a social construction of a biological drive. Approaches to empower women are outlined as part of the aim to combat the power imbalance and inequality in heterosexual relationships.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze some of the linkages between HIV/AIDS, gender and household food security in rural Africa. To date, the majority of extant studies on rural HIV/AIDS have focused on the socio-economic impact of the epidemic on the family and household economy as a whole, without distinguishing in detail how men and women are affected and how male/female morbidity and mortality affect food and livelihood security. The…
The curriculum and fact sheets included in this document are designed to provide girls and young women with important HIV/AIDS and sexual health information, organized according to age (10-12, 13-15, 15+). The activities are designed to help them: acquire accurate information for themselves to share with their families and friends; become more confident on issues of sexual health, postpone sex and negotiate safer sex; learn about resources in…
In Thailand, too many girls find themselves at an early age in the sex industry, usually for lack of other economic options. Young girls are desirable because they are thought to be "safe" and uninfected with HIV, but the risk of infection to them and thence to their clients is very high. This case study describes some responses to the problem, focusing on changing the attitudes of girls and their parents in regard to sex work, and on…
This collection of documents consists of a three part series that addresses three different topics related to HIV/AIDS. The initial document consists of the introduction and the existing research framework. The first section, on young people and risk-taking in sexual relations, consists of a set of studies that presents a comparative analysis of data collected in Africa, Asia and the Americas. This is followed by a comparative analysis of data…
This study reviews the existing statistical data available to describe how HIV/AIDS affects men and women differently, drawing on data from reported AIDS cases, data from sero-prevalence surveys and estimates of overall HIV/AIDS trends. Illustrated with case studies from Bangladesh, Brazil and Uganda, this research highlights the gender differences in vulnerability to HIV and outlines possible improvements in data collection and analysis.
This document is a review of factors affecting men and women's increased susceptability to HIV and programme responses to reduce this risk. Gender-awareness programmes have focused on improving access to information regarding HIV/AIDS and sexuality and reproduction, as well as the improvement of appropriate services and technologies. Studies additionally show that interventions to improve women's economic and social status can have a significant…
This review provides an analysis of the position of men in relation to the HIV epidemic and suggests that involving them more fully in HIV prevention work is essential if rates of transmission are to be reduced. It raises questions and provides a discussion of men and masculinities in relation to the epidemic, and offers some useful leads for future programme development. The review includes an introduction of gender and the HIV epidemic; a…
"Community Lessons, Global Learning" is a partnership between the International HIV/AIDS Alliance and Glaxo Wellcome's Positive Action programme. This first report shares lessons about responding to HIV/AIDS between communities, countries and continents. Although the primary focus of the document is on community responses to HIV/AIDS, Section 5 of the report discusses gender, sexuality and sexual health. The "Community Lessons, Global Learning"…
These online mini courses are designed to provide a basic introduction to this topic and to help providers of reproductive health services incorporate a focus on HIV and AIDS into their services.  
For women and adolescent girls, the consequence of AIDS can be particularly dire. There is strong evidence, for example, that in some countries women may be "blamed" for HIV disease even in circumstances where they have been infected by remaining faithful to their husband or other male partner. There is also evidence to suggest that women are less likely to receive the kind of care and support made available to male household members. Moreover,…
The HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control SYNOPSIS Series is a summary of the lessons learned by the Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office (LACRO) of the AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Project. This SYNOPSIS booklet discusses the importance of Gender- Sensitive Initiatives (GSIs). This booklet utilizes the holographic model such that any one of the sections (holograms) will provide the reader with an understanding of the whole subject…