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This study evaluates the impact of the Common Elements Treatment Approach, a cognitive behavioral therapy intervention, on treatment outcomes for women living with HIV who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). While it did not significantly improve HIV treatment retention or viral suppression, participants showed modest overall gains and clear improvements in depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. The article highlights the…
This article provides an overview of the scale, causes, and consequences of gender-based violence (GBV), highlighting it as one of the most widespread human rights violations affecting women and girls around the globe and explaining the structural links between GBV and HIV vulnerability. Harmful gender norms, unequal power relations, conflict, poverty, and discrimination contribute to high rates of violence, including intimate partner violence,…
This article examines the intersection of disability, gender-based violence, and HIV vulnerability among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Eswatini. The study found that AGYW (aged 13-24 years) with functional disabilities were more likely to experience sexual, physical, and emotional violence. While the study found that disability was not associated with higher prevalences of HIV infection, it still underscores the need for disability-…
This article explores factors that protect adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) from the interconnected risks of HIV exposure, gender-based violence (GBV), and adolescent pregnancy in Kenya. The study finds that gender-equitable attitudes, food security, and strong parental monitoring are all associated with lower risks of intimate partner violence, sexual violence, child marriage, and adolescent pregnancy, with the strongest protective…
This article highlights how gender-related social and structural inequalities continue to shape HIV vulnerability and outcomes, particularly for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Based on a study in Zimbabwe, it demonstrates that positive parenting, food security, and equitable-gender attitudes are development accelerators that improve AGYW HIV outcomes. The authors argue that achieving better HIV outcomes requires gender-transformative…
This report highlights the multiple linkages between HIV and gender-based violence, emphasizing the need for reprioritization of HIV in peace support operations. Opportunities for integration are recommended.
This research paper describes the particular vulnerability of women living with HIV in the context of armed conflicts. Disruption to regular testing, treatment regimens, and SRHR services plays a significant role in the worsened health outcomes experienced by WLHIV during conflicts.
Women living with HIV experience disproportionate and alarming rates of coercive practices, mistreatment, and abuse particularly while exercising their sexual and reproductive health and rights. This report seeks to understand women living with HIV's experiences of these human rights violations, highlighting stories from women in over 60 countries, and identifying the persistent and widespread nature of this problem.
This analysis seeks to determine the effects of intimate partner violence on recent HIV infection and viral load suppression. The results suggest that eliminating intimate partner violence altogether could significantly contribute to ending the HIV epidemic.
UNAIDS report on the global AIDS pandemic 2020 shows that women and girls in sub-Saharan Africa continue to be the most affected and accounted for 59% of all new HIV infections in the region in 2019, with 4500 adolescent girls and young women between 15 and 24 years old becoming infected with HIV every week. Young women accounted for 24% of new HIV infections in 2019, despite making up only 10% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) undermines women’s uptake of HIV services and violates their human rights. In a two-arm randomized controlled trial we evaluated a short intervention that went a step beyond IPV screening to discuss violence and power with women receiving HIV testing services during antenatal care (ANC).
Women and gender non-conforming people are disproportionately impacted by law enforcement in the context of punitive and prohibitionist drug policy. In addition to their over representation in global incarceration rates, women who use drugs experience forms of violence including penalisation for drug use in pregnancy and parenthood, extortion and sexual and physical abuse by law enforcement officials and, in the extreme extra judicial killings.…
This study aimed to better understand how couples involvement with SASA!, a violence against women and HIV-related community mobilisation intervention, influenced processes of change in relationships. Qualitative data were collected from each partner in separate interviews. Findings suggested that SASA! engagement contributed to degrees of change at the individual and relationship levels. SASA! activities, such as reflection around healthy…
This article explores the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among HIV-infected pregnant women in South Africa. It found that 21% of women reported experiencing one or more type of IPV in the last twelve months, and 48% of them reported experiencing two or more types of violence. Reported IPV was higher among married women, and women who experienced IPV were more likely to score higher for substance use, depression, and psychological…
The SASA! intervention used a comprehensive approach to address intimate partner violence and HIV prevention. This report shares its impacts by comparing two groups - communities that received SASA! programming and those that did not.
This advocacy brief provides key messages to inspire actions that respond to the needs and rights of women. The brief is divided into five chapters: first, identifying violence against women as a human rights violation; second, setting forth the link between violence against women and increased risk of HIV infection; third, highlighting that women living with HIV are most vulnerable to violence; fourth, explaining that the women must vulnerable…
The report presents the first global systematic review of scientific data on the prevalence of two forms of violence against women: violence by an intimate partner (intimate partner violence) and sexual violence by someone other than a partner (non-partner sexual violence). It shows, for the first time, global and regional estimates of the prevalence of these two forms of violence, using data from around the world. Previous reporting on violence…
This article presents baseline data from the SASA! (Swahili for 'now') Study, a cluster randomized trial of a community-mobilization intervention to prevent violence against women and HIV/AIDS in Kampala, Uganda. Findings confirm the importance of integrated strategies for intimate partner violence and HIV prevention.
This resource was produced for the participants of a workshop held in November 2011 in Istanbul, organised by UNFPA, UNDP, UN Women, UNAIDS, and WHO, with Sonke Gender Justice Network, Men Engage, and the ATHENA Network. This contains a number of resources produced by many organisations working on gender-based violence, involvement of men and boys, and the meaningful involvement of women living with HIV in the context of HIV…
These case studies from seven countries (Belize, Ecuador, Moldova, Rwanda, Swaziland, Tajikistan and Thailand) highlight strategies for addressing gender-based violence as a cause and consequence of HIV, and engaging men and boys as agents of positive change to halt gender-based violence and promote gender equality and human rights. They highlight some of the strategies that emerged from two global consultations on "Integrating Strategies to…