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This review analyzed 150 studies of HIV programming for adolescent girls from 2001-2013. The objective was to use these evaluations to make suggestions around creating enabling environments for girls, increasing information and service needs, and providing social support. Areas with little evidence-based programming are also discussed, as well as how to move forward in developing strong frameworks to address the needs of adolescent girls through…
Although the HIV epidemic in Ethiopia has declined tremendously, the most vulnerable populations of young people still affected are adolescent girls and young women, specifically, married girls living in urban slums. This report focuses on three programs in Ethiopia that engage girls and aim to reduce their risk of infection through mentorship, education, engagement of men, and links to health services.
The 2014 UNAIDS Report highlights the gender-based discrimination adolescent girls and young women face worldwide in relation to HIV. It uses population-level data to discuss issues of gender-based violence, lack of access to education and health services, and legal barriers which often lead to increased vulnerabilities of HIV infection.
The International Center for Research on Women’s report, “More Power to Her: How Empowering Girls Can Help End Child Marriage", shows how and why investing in girls is critical to the global movement to end child marriage. The practice, which cuts across global cultures and religions, turns more than 14 million girls worldwide into child brides every year, violating their basic human rights – and hindering larger international development…
A new report issued by UNICEF, presents strategies for preventing and responding to violence in the lives of children. The scope of this review includes interventions that address interpersonal violence (emotional, physical and sexual) against children at home, school, work, the community at large and social spaces created by mobile and online technology. It highlights the IMAGE and Stepping Stones programmes as examples of effective…
Many adolescents and young women in Zambia are faced with economic and social barriers, lack of access to health care, and gender-based violence which increase their risk for unwanted pregnancy, HIV, and school drop outs. The AGEP curriculum was developed to teach girls to build strong support networks, increase knowledge around reproductive health, and develop their decision-making and negotiation skills. This low-resource manual provides…
The sixth edition of the Children and AIDS Stocktaking Report examines the progress being made and continuing challenges in the response to HIV and AIDS for children in low- and middle-income countries. This report is part of the series first launched in 2005, with data and analysis on the response to HIV and AIDS among children in low-and middle-income countries. Based on 2012 country data, the report notes great progress in preventing mother…
This paper discusses the links between education, gender equality, HIV prevention, and sexual and reproductive health. It acknowledges that these connections are widely recognized and utilized in public health programming, but that there is also a need for more combined efforts to design programs to ensure these links better reinforce one another and work more effectively to create an enabling environment for girls to prosper.
This paper addresses the urgent need to rebalance HIV investments between treatment and prevention and to develop evidence-based approaches for protecting the large and vulnerable populations of adolescent girls who remain at risk of HIV. This paper outlines a stepwise engagement process for improving girls’ lives and reducing their HIV risk.
This background paper explores the situation for young women in Kenya, where they are four times more likely to contract HIV than young men. The author points to multi-sectoral policy interventions as necessary to better protect young women and to create an enabling environment where they can make healthier sexual decisions.
This paper provides a summary of the evidence at a global level on who is missing out on programming to achieve an "AIDS-free generation." In addition, the article provides evidence-based interventions which may be implemented to improve both HIV and equity outcomes. The paper raises and explains three key issues and goals: eliminating new HIV infections in children and keeping families healthy; preventing HIV infections among adolescents and…
The International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) developed a participatory research action project in Tanzania to understand and address HIV-risk among adolescent girls and young women. The program centered around a life-skills manual, teaching girls about their rights, roles in society, and how to address their needs within their communities. This report goes into detail about the rigorous research methods used for monitoring and…
Poverty, Gender, and Youth: First Generation of Gender and HIV Programs: Seeking Clarity and Synergy
As the recognition towards the disproportionate female-to-male infection ratio is being recognized, more programs around gender and HIV are being developed. However, this paper argues that many of these programs do not have specific target audiences, content, or evaluation plans. This paper reviews 63 well-known HIV and Gender programs and evaluates their attribution to gender inequities, selected target populations, measurement of results, and…
This newly released report, published by UNICEF with UNAIDS, UNESCO, UNFPA, ILO, WHO and the World Bank, describes the state of the epidemic in young people, the evidence for effective responses that address behavioural, social and structural challenges and prevent new HIV infections in young people. Country-specific data is shared.
This booklet responds to relevant, often sensitive questions asked by young women living with HIV. It provides factual and helpful information on how to maintain healthy relationships, practice safe sex, prepare for pregnancy, and seek support networks.
Data from a cluster randomized trial was used to assess the effects of an intervention using group-based micro-financing along with gender and HIV training to reduce HIV risk behavior and Intimate Partner Violence. The evaluation, based in rural South Africa, comments on the ability of women to engage in more empowered HIV risk reducing practices after participating in the program.
This brief highlights why it is important for girls to stay in school, and how poor educational status is highly correlated with HIV infection. A range of interventions to address this issue are given, as well as key questions to consider when advocating for girls’ rights to education. This article can be accessed on-line here.
A brief describes the linkages between young age, sexual violence, and HIV/AIDS and describes policy and program responses.
The purpose of the matrix is to provide youth-serving organizations with a guide of topics on family planning, HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and gender; segmenting them by age and marital status. The matrix can assist technical experts, program managers, health providers, peer educators and others to determine what topics and interventions best fit into their own respective programs while taking cultural paradigms into…
UNFPA’s Advocacy Guide focuses on three effective responses to HIV prevention: improving access to sexual and reproductive health services, expanding socio-economic opportunities, and ending child marriage. Based on these goals, ten advocacy messages were developed and the report details the rationale behind them, global examples, and ways to address the issues politically and programmatically.