This paper provides a summary of the evidence at a global level on who is missing out on programming to achieve an "AIDS-free generation." In addition, the article provides evidence-based interventions which may be implemented to improve both HIV and equity outcomes. The paper raises and explains three key issues and goals: eliminating new HIV infections in children and keeping families healthy; preventing HIV infections among adolescents and young people, and protection, care and support for children affected by HIV/AIDS. It highlights gender inequalities as constituting a barrier to preventing HIV infections among adolescents, as well as in terms of women and girls shouldering a disproportionate burden of unpaid care work. Finally, actions that can be taken to address these issues are presented.