The sixth edition of the Children and AIDS Stocktaking Report examines the progress being made and continuing challenges in the response to HIV and AIDS for children in low- and middle-income countries. This report is part of the series first launched in 2005, with data and analysis on the response to HIV and AIDS among children in low-and middle-income countries. Based on 2012 country data, the report notes great progress in preventing mother to child transmission of HIV, while it raises the alarm on the trajectory of AIDS deaths among adolescents and new HIV infections in adolescent girls. It examines gender inequality, gender-based violence and sexual exploitation, as well as lack of access to education, including comprehensive sexuality education, as drivers of the epidemic.