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This report draws on analyses of national survey data and literature review results to provide an overview of the evidence on key aspects of sexual and reproductive health among very young adolescents aged 10–14 living in developing regions. Analyses showed that while most young adolescents report never having experienced sexual intercourse, some had begun to explore non-coital sexual activities. Many young adolescents who had experienced sexual…
An unmet need for sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and HIV services is substantial in developing countries, particularly among older adolescent girls and young women. This editorial describes the key lessons from the Link Up project, aimed to improve the SRHR of young people most affected by HIV in five countries of Africa (Burundi, Ethiopia and Uganda) and Asia (Bangladesh and Myanmar).
This report brings attention to achieving gender equality in the context of women, girls, and the HIV response. This six-month consultation in 2016 with adolescent women and young girls found that #WhatWomenWant is: collaboration and joint action by all to invest in women's HIV and Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), to be leaders and articulate the priorities of women and girls in all their diversity, and to speak to the new…
The Center for Health and Gender Equity (CHANGE) reports on the implementation of the new PEPFAR DREAMS Partnership, which aims to reduce the number of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa disproportionately affected by HIV. This report contains program insights from South Africa and Kenya, specifically around HIV prevention, civil society engagement, and addressing specific needs of AGYW.
The purpose of this report is to guide policymakers, planners, implementers of HIV prevention programs to understand the risk of HIV for adolescent girls and young women, learn how to create and deliver effective responses, and address policy and structural changes in order to create ways to break unequal gender norms and make positive changes towards reducing the burden of HIV for adolescent girls and women.
In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa the prevalence of HIV is disproportionately high for young women (ages 15-24). A 15-session classroom based program was developed by the Department of Education to teach adolescent boys and girls (ages 14-17) about HIV and pregnancy prevention using gender-transformative curriculum. This evaluation looks at changes in condom use, partner communication, gender beliefs, and efficacy to refuse unsafe sex pre and post…
This guidebook aims to inform health policy makers and program planners on how to establish PrEP as an effective prevention method for adolescent girls and young women. This includes addressing the delivery platforms, marketing, regulations, demand, and use of PreP for this population.
The Meri Life, Meri Choice project was developed to reduce HIV vulnerabilities of rural adolescent girls and young women in India. This was done through providing socially disadvantaged, out-of-school girls with knowledge around sexual and reproductive health, increasing their utilization of sexual health services, creating a supportive environment to reduce vulnerabilities. The Population Council evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and…
This formative research report aimed to generate ideas for programs and services to support adolescent girls living with HIV in Zambia in transition to adulthood. The findings and recommendations are reported by ecological levels: individual, interpersonal, and organizational.
This extensive toolkit developed by EngenderHealth after conducting a needs assessment of program staff working in local and district levels in South Africa. The assessment revealed that levels of training varied among staff members and training opportunities were rare. There were large gaps in the knowledge around gender and youth in relation to HIV, which is why this training module was developed. There are 8 modules which provide training…
In Southern Africa, adolescent girls and young women (ages 15-24) make up a disproportionate number of new HIV infections compared to their male peers. In order to become AIDS-free, it is critical to prevent new infections in this key population. This study explores biological and social vulnerabilities young women face in relation to HIV, including engagement in transactional sex, limited education, and amplified effects of transmission. This…
This review analyzed 150 studies of HIV programming for adolescent girls from 2001-2013. The objective was to use these evaluations to make suggestions around creating enabling environments for girls, increasing information and service needs, and providing social support. Areas with little evidence-based programming are also discussed, as well as how to move forward in developing strong frameworks to address the needs of adolescent girls through…
Although the HIV epidemic in Ethiopia has declined tremendously, the most vulnerable populations of young people still affected are adolescent girls and young women, specifically, married girls living in urban slums. This report focuses on three programs in Ethiopia that engage girls and aim to reduce their risk of infection through mentorship, education, engagement of men, and links to health services.
The 2014 UNAIDS Report highlights the gender-based discrimination adolescent girls and young women face worldwide in relation to HIV. It uses population-level data to discuss issues of gender-based violence, lack of access to education and health services, and legal barriers which often lead to increased vulnerabilities of HIV infection.
The International Center for Research on Women’s report, “More Power to Her: How Empowering Girls Can Help End Child Marriage", shows how and why investing in girls is critical to the global movement to end child marriage. The practice, which cuts across global cultures and religions, turns more than 14 million girls worldwide into child brides every year, violating their basic human rights – and hindering larger international development…
A new report issued by UNICEF, presents strategies for preventing and responding to violence in the lives of children. The scope of this review includes interventions that address interpersonal violence (emotional, physical and sexual) against children at home, school, work, the community at large and social spaces created by mobile and online technology. It highlights the IMAGE and Stepping Stones programmes as examples of effective…
Many adolescents and young women in Zambia are faced with economic and social barriers, lack of access to health care, and gender-based violence which increase their risk for unwanted pregnancy, HIV, and school drop outs. The AGEP curriculum was developed to teach girls to build strong support networks, increase knowledge around reproductive health, and develop their decision-making and negotiation skills. This low-resource manual provides…
The sixth edition of the Children and AIDS Stocktaking Report examines the progress being made and continuing challenges in the response to HIV and AIDS for children in low- and middle-income countries. This report is part of the series first launched in 2005, with data and analysis on the response to HIV and AIDS among children in low-and middle-income countries. Based on 2012 country data, the report notes great progress in preventing mother…
This paper discusses the links between education, gender equality, HIV prevention, and sexual and reproductive health. It acknowledges that these connections are widely recognized and utilized in public health programming, but that there is also a need for more combined efforts to design programs to ensure these links better reinforce one another and work more effectively to create an enabling environment for girls to prosper.
This paper addresses the urgent need to rebalance HIV investments between treatment and prevention and to develop evidence-based approaches for protecting the large and vulnerable populations of adolescent girls who remain at risk of HIV. This paper outlines a stepwise engagement process for improving girls’ lives and reducing their HIV risk.