This study analyzes global trends in HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women aged 15–49 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. It finds a striking divergence in disease burden: while other STIs account for the majority of infections and prevalent cases, HIV/AIDS remains responsible for most STI-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among women of reproductive age. The findings highlight the need for differentiated public health strategies that continue to address the severe health consequences of HIV while also strengthening prevention and control efforts for the broader burden of sexually transmitted infections affecting women.