This article highlights how gender-related social and structural inequalities continue to shape HIV vulnerability and outcomes, particularly for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Based on a study in Zimbabwe, it demonstrates that positive parenting, food security, and equitable-gender attitudes are development accelerators that improve AGYW HIV outcomes. The authors argue that achieving better HIV outcomes requires gender-transformative approaches that address underlying inequalities and strengthen the rights, agency, and health access of women and girls.