This resource is designed to assist governments, civil society and other HIV actors to address multi-dimensional gender and human rights issues in their national HIV efforts and support increased capacity to achieve gender equality results. It provides an explanation of why a gender-transformative approach is vital to curbing and reversing the spread and impact of HIV; a strategic outline for designing a national HIV strategy or plan that integrates gender equality concerns at every level; a framework for translating gender equality principles into gender equality practices in a national strategy or plan; a cyclical mechanism for improved means of measuring gender-transformative HIV results; and tools to support effective gender-responsive programmes with clear, time-bound, measurable goals.