This paper focuses on women, girls, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) and the formal and informal discrimination they face under property and inheritance laws. It provides an overview of the importance of considering property and inheritance laws in the context of the HIV epidemic, and then examines existing evidence to assess the particular impact of these laws on women and OVC. The author argues for the need to revise property and inheritance laws in the context of human rights agreements and concludes with recommendations for States to rectify deficiencies in land tenure systems that work to increase vulnerability to HIV and decrease the ability of people to access care, support, and treatment in the context of the HIV epidemic.