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FOUND 627
On May 1, 2002, over 130 program managers, policymakers, service providers, and trainers participated in a day-long Technical Update, hosted by the USAID Interagency Gender Working Group (IGWG) with the Center for Health and Gender Equity (CHANGE). This summary of the Technical Update presents survey information and recent data used to define gender-based violence (GBV) and its negative impact on reproductive health outcomes. It also examines…
This article explores how the role of parents is so much more intensive, extensive, and different in the context of many developing country epidemics vis à vis epidemics in developed countries, and whether and to what extent the physical and mental health of older AIDS parents may decline from their close involvement with their ill children, relative to parents who do not suffer this unfortunate set of events. This article hypothesizes that…
The report highlights programmatic models that were presented at a conference on men and reproductive health that was attended by researchers, program implementers, evaluators and donors. The participants were particularly interested in those programs that could show through evaluations that gender-relat used by other practitioners.
This report sets out to answer some of the questions put to Amnesty women victims of violence. It looks at violence against women, particularly focuses on rape committed by both security officials and private individuals. Women subjected to violence are not adequately protected by the law and commit violence against women continue to operate with impunity. Gender-based violence not only exposes women to sexually transmitted diseases, but also to…
This report provides an assessment of the role of gender based violence in HIV transmission and the current prevalence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa. It explains how the use of PEP can help prevent HIV infection and describes the policy the government has adopted to provide access to PEP and ARVs for all survivors of sexual violence. However, the government has not been fully implemented these initiatives, and this report provides…
This fact sheet by the ILO speaks about the vulnerability of women to HIV infection, how women unequally bear the burden of HIV/AIDS and how this plays out in the workplace. It then illustrates the particular problems women face at work and suggests solutions to overcome these challenges. It proposes employment policies which should be adopted to address gender inequality in the context of HIV/AIDS.
The International HIV/AIDS Alliance has produced this case study collection in order to help projects to conduct work identifying strategies that will be effective in reaching out to different groups of men and enabling them to change their attitudes and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS. It presents experiences and lessons from a range of different projects (some supported by the Alliance and some not) that are working with men. By showcasing…
Young men play a central role in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The report highlights how this population has been largely ignored in HIV interventions to date and explains how this exclusion could have devastating results in the long-term. It investigates the challenges young men face and looks at the most effective ways of addressing their needs. Above all, this report is a resource for policymakers, for the media and for service providers. It is…
A PSI study of Kenyan women's and men's motivations for entering into cross-generational relationships and their risk perceptions of such relationships shows that most participants underestimate the risk of sexually-transmitted infections and HIV. HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects young African women as compared to older men. This research brief examines the motivations for cross-generational relationships, the perceived risks of these…
The Dominican Republic is in the middle of a growing HIV/AIDS epidemic, which is spreading faster among women than men. In this context, many women face human rights violations on at least two major fronts: in the workplace and when they use government prenatal or other health care services. Women are at increased risk of HIV infection and there is increased incidence of HIV-related human rights violations in the workplace and the health care…
This report documents the process taken by the Kenyan National AIDS Control Council to mainstream gender in the National HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan. The motivation to mainstream gender in the national plan came from the fact that no explicit strategies on gender were included in it despite the overwhelming evidence that the incidence of HIV/AIDS among women was rising at a shocking rate and women were being infected at an earlier age than men. This…
ICW believes that when HIV positive people are involved at all levels of decision-making of an organization; it is better able to respond to the concerns of people living with HIV/AIDS. Moreover, exposure to women, men and children living with HIV has a profound impact on attitudes to people living with HIV as well as knowledge of safer sex. To promote our rights and to tackle the HIV/AIDS epidemic effectively, HIV positive women need to be…
Behavioral, physiological and socio-cultural factors make young people more vulnerable than adults to HIV infection. This report provides a regional overview of adolescents' knowledge of HIV/AIDS and behaviors in Sub-Saharan Africa that put them at risk for or protect them from infection. It also examines the social and economic context of adolescents' lives. All of these factors are fundamental to understanding the progression of the epidemic…
In April 1994, Rwanda suffered one hundred days of violence, targeted at the Tutsi and moderate Hutu population. Ten years later, the consequences of the violence have not been dealt with adequately, neither by the international community nor by the Rwandan government. Survivors of violence still cry out for medical care; survivors and families of victims clamour for justice that is slow in coming. Women continue to die from diseases related to…
This issue brief provides an overview of the impact of HIV/AIDS on young people around the world using a variety of sources and studies. It includes specific data on youth prevalence rates, organized by gender and region. It also predicts the future impact on youth, with a section on each youth group considered at risk. Certain sub-populations of youth have been identified as bearing a disproportionate share of HIV's proliferation and/or are at…
Every year, HIV/AIDS causes the death of an increasing number of women. In 2002 over one million women around the world died of AIDS. Access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) could reduce this figure drastically. ART has turned HIV into a much more manageable chronic condition which may no longer be a death sentence. However, ICW is keen to point out that treatment is not just about providing ART; care, support and other medications are also…
Of the estimated 42 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at the end of 2002, 19.2 million-or about 45 percent-were women (UNAIDS and World Health Organization [WHO], 2002). In many countries around the world, the majority of new infections are occurring in women, particularly adolescents and young adults. Developing appropriate responses to the gender issues that continue to make both women and men vulnerable to HIV is critical to all…
This fact sheet addresses how women need methods to protect themselves from HIV that they can control. One of the most promising prevention options on the horizon is microbicides. Women would be able to control the use of protection for themselves and their partners from HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.
In Thailand, a national program to prevention mother-to-child HIV transmission began in 2000. Elements of the program included voluntary counseling and HIV testing of pregnant women, a short course of zidovudine for HIV-infected women and their infants, and formula feeding for infants. Research, monitoring and evaluation of pilot projects, training and policy-making provided an essential foundation for the program. The authors estimate that…
UNFPA's annual AIDS report discusses the agency's HIV/AIDS-related work in several regions, including sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America. UNPFA works in three key areas to reduce HIV infections as well as other sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies: young people, condom programming and pregnant women.