Of the estimated 42 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at the end of 2002, 19.2 million-or about 45 percent-were women (UNAIDS and World Health Organization [WHO], 2002). In many countries around the world, the majority of new infections are occurring in women, particularly adolescents and young adults. Developing appropriate responses to the gender issues that continue to make both women and men vulnerable to HIV is critical to all efforts to prevent HIV transmission, improve care and support for PLWHA and their families, and mitigate the impacts of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This briefing booklet provides program officers and staff within USAID and partner organizations with field-based insights on how to integrate gender into HIV/AIDS programs, in a practical sense.