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Tool
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FOUND 637
A brief describes the linkages between young age, sexual violence, and HIV/AIDS and describes policy and program responses.
This research article describes an evaluation of adolescent school girls' knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards STIs/HIV and safer sex practice and sex education and explores their current sexual behaviour in India.
This research article describes the results of a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among brothel-based sex workers of West Bengal, eastern India, to understand sex-trafficking, violence, negotiating skills, and HIV infection in them. The study highlights that the trafficked victims faced violence, including sexual violence, to a greater magnitude, and that sexual violence was associated with acquiring HIV.
This literature and program review focused on the current and future role of microfinance and sustainable livelihood strategies in reducing adolescent girls' vulnerability to HIV infection in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Part 1 of the review focuses on youth-centered programs to prevent HIV infection among vulnerable female adolescents--including microfinance and sustainable livelihood programs. Part 2 analyzes…
This speech by Ines Alberdi, Executive Director of UNIFEM, was made at the High-Level Meeting on AIDS, UN General Assembly, Panel Discussion 3. Speaking on behalf of the UN, Executive Director Ines Alberdi said that “it is vitally important to address the links between HIV and AIDS and violence against women and girls ... both a cause and a consequence of HIV among women of all ages, but especially young women and girls.”
This briefing paper takes an in-depth look at the standards developed by six UN "treaty monitoring bodies," or committees, in the area of HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Following a brief overview of the origin and work of the committees, this paper reviews standards each body has adopted as it has monitored governments' compliance with their duties under international human rights law, including references to gender. In repeated statements, these…
By analyzing the economic, socio-cultural, and political factors that influence the HIV vulnerability of migrant workers - especially female migrant workers - the study aims to aid the design of appropriate rights-based HIV prevention programmes. It also is intended to identify emerging challenges and trends in the response to HIV and migration issues in host countries, particularly in the area of human rights and public health.
Central Asia has one of the most rapidly increasing HIV prevalence in the world. This research article describes the results of a study to assess current knowledge, risk behaviour and attitudes to voluntary counselling and testing concerning HIV/AIDS among pregnant women in Semey, Kazakhstan. The study concluded that pregnant women in Semey have poor knowledge about specific mother-to-child HIV transmission and do not know about the means…
This article examines the association between the number of sexual partners and the risk of HIV seropositivity among men and women presenting for HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) in northern Tanzania. Among women presenting for VCT, the number of partners is strongly associated with rates of seropositivity; however, even women reporting lifetime monogamy have a high risk for HIV infection. Partner reduction should be coupled with…
The 8-page briefing paper aims to introduce readers to the key issues regarding gender inequalities and the different impacts of HIV and AIDS on women, men, girls and boys.
The purpose of the matrix is to provide youth-serving organizations with a guide of topics on family planning, HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and gender; segmenting them by age and marital status. The matrix can assist technical experts, program managers, health providers, peer educators and others to determine what topics and interventions best fit into their own respective programs while taking cultural paradigms into…
This briefing paper is about powerful institutions' neglect of duty by not providing leadership on female condoms, and failing to meet women's needs and demands for them with a consistent and proportionate effort to make them accessible and affordable. It concerns the ignorance, denial, and bias of the powerful, at the expense of the rights of women.
This report vividly illustrates the failure of the Kenyan government to care for women living with HIV. At healthcare centers across Kenya, these women encounter physical and verbal abuse and are subject to discriminatory standards of care. They often cannot access antiretroviral treatment and their rights to informed consent and confidentiality are frequently violated during HIV testing and treatment. The publication calls on the Kenyan…
This research article describes the results of an analysis of the 2003 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey to examine factors associated with extra-marital sex among women in Nigeria and investigate how much variation in reported extra-marital sex can be attributed to individual and community-level factors.
This paper summarizes the results from an experiment conducted with unmarried young women aged 15-21 in rural southern Malawi, during which respondents were randomly assigned to either an audio computer-assisted self-interview or a conventional face-to-face interview. In addition, biomarkers were collected for HIV and three STIs: gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis. Before collecting the biomarkers, nurses conducted a brief face-to-…
This guide discusses the challenges involved in ensuring that violence is addressed in HIV programmes and gives a detailed understanding of violence in relation to sex work and challenges some common assumptions. The guide also provides examples from real programmes that illustrate ways in which HIV and AIDS projects can help reduce the incidence of violence against sex workers and provide support to those who experience violence. This guide is…
Testing pregnant women in labor for HIV and counseling them is a challenge, particularly where resources are limited. This article describes a research study on the feasibility and impact of introducing round-the-clock, rapid HIV testing and counseling in a busy labor ward in a rural teaching hospital in Sevagram, India.
This is a fact sheet on AIDS among women in the U.S. It provides a breakdown of rates of infection among specific populations and regions and explores why women are particularly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. Also available in Spanish.
This Horizons report describes the findings of a study to estimate HIV and syphilis prevalence among female sex workers (FSW) and MSM in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay; examine knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors related to HIV and STIs; and describe the contextual and behavioral factors influencing HIV and STI transmission among MSM and FSWs in Ciudad del Este.
This briefing report describes how older people, particularly grandmothers, carry most of the emotional and financial burden as carers. Yet, their vital role is going unrecognized. This report calls for a major shift in the response to HIV/AIDS.