In this review, the two main topics discussed are the impact of gender on the HIV/AIDS epidemic and how to integrate gender into HIV/AIDS programs and policies. In the first section, there are detailed descriptions of sociocultural factors that define femininity and masculinity, economic factors that subordinate women, and additional vulnerabilities adolescent girls and children face. The next section gives technical support on how to integrate gender into HIV programs as well as provide examples and critiques of existing, empowering programs.