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This document is a transcript of the plenary address given by Geeta Rao Gupta at the XIII International AIDS Conference in Durban, South Africa, in 2000. In accordance with the title, Geeta Rao Gupta focuses on the what, why and how of gender, sexuality and HIV/AIDS. Emphasis is placed on exploring gender-sensitive and transformative approaches to the epidemic.   
This paper argues that sexual, and male violent, practices are rooted in and flow from cultural ideals of gender identities. The latter enables us to understand why men and women behave as they do, and the emotional and material context within which sexual behaviours are enacted. In South Africa, while gender identities show diversity, the dominant ideal of black African manhood emphasizes toughness, strength and expression of prodigious sexual…
From Site: The SHELEARNS toolkit was developed collaboratively by ARASA and ATHENA to contribute to and strengthen sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) advocacy for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Eastern and Southern Africa. At the core of the toolkit and the #SheLearns programme is intersectional feminism that emphasises collaboration and a non-hierarchical environment. The toolkit was therefore developed with and for…