In February-March of 2016, the charitable organization Positive Women conducted research on women and HIV, which generated information on stigma, discrimination and the values and needs of women living with HIV and AIDS. The researchers intended to explore important aspects of women's lives related to their sexual and reproductive health, gender equality, human rights and gender-based violence, as well as their economic and political opportunities. The research approach is based on the understanding that HIV prevention and treatment is not only a public health problem. The research focuses on the factors and the socio-economic context that lead to HIV infection, and the recognition that human rights violations, including gender inequality and gender-based violence, constitute major vulnerabilities to HIV infection. It also outlines major barriers to HIV treatment and provision of other health services in Ukraine.