A growing number of studies have documented the high prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women worldwide. This violence can and does contribute to women's increased risk of HIV infection. However, questions remain about the connections and complexities between different forms of violence against women (VAW) and HIV/AIDS. Further research is needed to understand exactly how these two areas overlap and the extent to which interventions can effectively address both problems. The problem also requires further research and collaboration between those working on VAW and those working on HIV/AIDS. It was with this in mind that WHO convened an expert consultation "Violence Against Women and HIV/AIDS: Setting the Research Agenda" from 23-25 October 2000, to take stock and learn from existing research. This report is a result of the meeting. It provides summaries of the presentations at the meeting, the subsequent discussions and concludes with recommendations.