This report is envisaged as a tool to stimulate common understanding of the nature and dimensions of HIV/AIDS advocacy, and as a framework for joint action by UNFPA/UNAIDS and their partners at the international, regional, sub-regional and national levels. It can also be the basis for building consensus about priority advocacy activities in the light of the realities of HIV/AIDS challenges and necessary responses in particular settings. The recommendations presented in the report constitute a concrete set of short and medium term program ideas which can be implemented at various levels, from the regional to the national, so that advocacy can support efforts to enhance the response of various institutions and communities in their daunting task of confronting the menace of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Although this report does not focus specifically on gender, it highlights the important role of coalitions and networks working on gender and women's rights as allies in the promotion of gender and human right aspects of HIV/AIDS.